Breaking News | The full text of the “15th Five-Year Plan for Accelerating Agricultural and Rural Modernization” has been released.

Accelerating the Modernization of Agriculture and Rural Areas: The 15th Five-Year Plan

The modernization of agriculture and rural areas is integral to the overall vision and quality of Chinese‑style modernization. The 15th Five-Year Plan period represents a pivotal phase for essentially achieving agricultural and rural modernization. To provide scientific guidance for high‑quality development in these sectors over the next five years and to accelerate agricultural and rural modernization as a means of advancing Chinese‑style modernization, this plan has been formulated in accordance with the Outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China.

I. General Requirements

We will remain guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the successive plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee, earnestly carry out the arrangements made at the Fourth Plenary Session, and fully apply General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important expositions and directives on “agriculture, rural areas, and farmers” work. We will continue to regard addressing the issues of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers as the top priority of the Party’s work, uphold and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership over this work, comprehensively, accurately, and thoroughly implement the new development philosophy, adhere to the overarching principle of seeking progress while maintaining stability, give priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas, promote integrated urban–rural development, and anchor ourselves in the goal of building a strong agricultural country. With advancing the all-round revitalization of rural areas as our central task, guided by the experience gained from the “Ten‑Million Project,” and driven by reform and innovation, we will simultaneously advance agricultural modernization and rural modernization, coordinate the development of science‑based agriculture, green agriculture, quality‑oriented agriculture, and brand‑driven agriculture, establish a regularized mechanism to prevent relapse into or falling into poverty, accelerate the construction of livable, workable, and beautiful countryside, and make major strides toward basically achieving agricultural modernization and ensuring that rural areas are equipped with basic modern living conditions, thereby providing foundational support for securing decisive progress in the realization of socialist modernization.

By 2030, the capacity to ensure the supply of grain and other key agricultural products will have steadily improved, the foundation of food security will continue to be strengthened, and the quality, efficiency, and competitiveness of agriculture will keep rising. The achievements of poverty alleviation will be further consolidated and expanded, with a more robust and institutionalized mechanism in place to prevent relapse into poverty. China’s self-reliance and self-strengthening in agricultural science and technology will be significantly enhanced, and major breakthroughs will be made in developing new drivers of agricultural productivity. Important progress will be achieved in transforming agriculture into a modern, large-scale industry, while farmers’ incomes will continue to grow at a relatively rapid pace. Efforts to build livable, workable, and beautiful rural areas will be accelerated, with steady improvements in rural infrastructure, the convenience of public services, and the comfort of living environments. New strides will be made in integrated urban–rural development, with a marked enhancement in the equalization of basic public services, solid progress in rural reform, and significant results in the high-quality development of agriculture and rural areas.

By 2035, decisive progress will have been made in rural revitalization; agricultural modernization will be largely achieved; rural areas will generally enjoy the basic conditions of modern life; and significant results will have been attained in building a strong agricultural nation.

II. Enhancing Comprehensive Agricultural Productivity and Quality and Efficiency

(1) Strengthen the capacity to ensure the supply of grain and other important agricultural products. Uphold a holistic approach that simultaneously prioritizes yield and production capacity, ecological sustainability, and increased output and incomes; deepen implementation of the strategies of “storing grain in the land” and “storing grain in technology”; intensify efforts under the new round of the initiative to boost grain production capacity by 100 billion jin; promote large-scale increases in per-unit yields of major crops such as grains and oilseeds; and foster integrated efficiency gains through the coordinated application of high‑quality farmland, superior varieties, advanced machinery, and optimal farming practices. Improve the long-term mechanism for supporting the development of the soybean industry across the entire value chain. Enhance mechanisms to safeguard farmers’ incomes from grain production and to compensate major grain‑producing regions for their contributions; strengthen policy support and coordination among price measures, subsidies, and insurance; implement inter‑provincial horizontal compensation schemes between grain‑producing and grain‑consuming areas; and help keep prices of grain and other key agricultural products at reasonable levels. Refine the fertilizer reserve system. Strengthen management of grain procurement, sales, and reserves, and advance quality improvement and efficiency gains in grain circulation. Bolster cotton production in Xinjiang, raise the standards of sugarcane varieties and mechanization, and carry out renewal and upgrading of aging rubber plantations. Perfect the comprehensive regulation mechanism for hog production capacity, promote cost reduction, quality enhancement, and efficiency gains in livestock and poultry farming, accelerate the development of the forage industry, drive the transformation and upgrading of grassland animal husbandry, and enhance the competitiveness of the dairy sector. Conduct the Fourth National Agricultural Census in a solid and thorough manner.

(II) Promote the optimization of the agricultural product supply structure and the enhancement of quality and efficiency. Rationally adjust the variety mix and regional allocation of grain crops, stabilize rice and wheat production, boost corn and soybean production capacity, and expand edible oil supplies through multiple channels. Shift agriculture from a yield‑oriented approach to one that balances yield with quality, increase the supply of high‑flavor rice, specialized wheat varieties with strong or weak gluten, and high‑yielding, high‑oil soybeans, and provide more nutritious, healthy, and flavorful agricultural products. Improve the agricultural standards system, refine the certification system for agricultural product quality and safety based on compliance with commitments, and establish a market‑driven system for quality assessment and grading.

(3) Building a diversified food supply system. Upholding the integrated development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fisheries, we will tap food resources through multiple channels. We will enhance the quality and efficiency of the “vegetable basket” sector and promote the growth of the vegetable, fruit, and tea industries. We will develop ecological fisheries on large water bodies and integrated rice–fish farming, advance deep- and far-sea aquaculture, and modernize offshore fishing operations. We will implement the Facility Agriculture Modernization Enhancement Initiative in depth. We will foster the forest‑understory economy, strengthen the forestry and grassland sectors as well as the edible mushroom industry, and explore new types of food resources.

(4) Strengthen farmland protection and quality enhancement. Implement a stringent farmland protection regime, coordinate the optimization of agricultural land use planning, rigorously manage the balance between occupied and replenished farmland, and standardize the acceptance procedures for newly added farmland quality. Promote high-standard farmland construction in a targeted and categorized manner, improve mechanisms for project approval, construction, acceptance, and ongoing maintenance, and establish a robust engineering quality supervision system based on the project‑legal‑person responsibility system. Intensify the modernization and renovation of medium- and large‑scale irrigation districts, and strengthen the integration of high-standard farmland canal networks with key infrastructure within these districts. Launch a new round of black soil protection initiatives to increase soil organic matter content, enhance remediation of acidified farmland, and steadily advance the comprehensive utilization of saline–alkali lands.

(5) Strengthen agriculture’s capacity for disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief. Develop resilient agricultural systems and enhance the monitoring, forecasting, and early warning capabilities for meteorological, hydrological, and geological hazards. Reinforce infrastructure for flood control, drainage, and drought resistance, and continue to rehabilitate and upgrade farmland ditches and channels, while addressing flooding in small and medium-sized rivers and low-lying areas. Improve the emergency response and disaster relief equipment and facilities for agricultural machinery, refine mechanisms for allocating relief equipment and mobilizing resources on short notice, and accelerate efforts to address shortcomings in drying and storage infrastructure. Strengthen integrated pest and disease management and joint prevention and control of major animal diseases. Elevate the intrinsic safety standards of the fisheries sector.

(6) Enhance the quality of agricultural foreign investment and trade cooperation. Promote diversification of agricultural imports, foster internationally competitive agricultural enterprises, and align trade with production. Support the expansion of exports of superior and specialty agricultural products, vigorously develop agricultural services trade, and broaden avenues for agricultural development cooperation with countries jointly building the Belt and Road Initiative. Actively participate in global food and agriculture governance.

III. Continuously consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation efforts

(7) Strengthen monitoring and identification. Establish and improve a standardized, unified, and dynamically adjusted regular monitoring system for preventing relapse into or falling into poverty, identify eligible individuals, and implement tailored support measures accordingly. Conduct categorized management of formerly registered impoverished households that have already been lifted out of poverty, and continue to consolidate and enhance the achievements in ensuring access to basic living needs, compulsory education, basic medical care, and safe drinking water. Coordinate the monitoring and identification of both those at risk of relapse or falling into poverty and recipients of rural social assistance, and adjust support targets dynamically based on actual conditions.

(8) Improve and institutionalize the policy framework for regular assistance. Strengthen development-oriented support, leverage social assistance as a safety net, and ensure that large-scale relapse into or onset of poverty does not occur. Promote, on a case-by-case basis, the consolidation, upgrading, revitalization, and restructuring of existing industries; advance full‑chain industrial development; and establish a robust, long-term management mechanism for assets generated by assistance projects. Continue to provide employment‑related support, optimize the implementation of the “Yulu Program+,” deepen the Rural Craftsmen Cultivation Initiative, and carry out the “Dual Support for Aspiration and Knowledge” campaign on an ongoing basis. Enhance the social assistance system and refine the mechanisms for setting and dynamically adjusting rural subsistence allowance standards.

(9) Provide tiered and categorized assistance to underdeveloped regions. Treat counties receiving support for rural revitalization as the primary units of assistance, continuing to provide concentrated support and refining policies and incentive‑and‑constraint mechanisms for these counties. Continue to advance east–west collaboration, targeted assistance by central government agencies, and stationing assistance teams in villages, while deepening the implementation of the “Ten Thousand Enterprises Revitalize Ten Thousand Villages” initiative and the program in which social organizations contribute to rural revitalization. Strengthen follow-up support for relocation projects.

IV. Strengthening Agricultural Science, Technology, and Equipment Support

(10) Strengthen original innovation in agricultural science and technology and tackle key core technologies. Leverage the advantages of the new national system, enhance interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral collaboration, and drive decisive breakthroughs across the entire value chain in critical core technologies for agriculture. Reinforce strategic, forward-looking, and systematic planning for basic agricultural research, explore long-term funding models, and foster the generation of more landmark, original scientific achievements. Foster and expand emerging and future‑oriented industries in the agricultural sector, and accelerate the large-scale development of more pioneering sectors.

(11) Enhance agricultural scientific and technological innovation capacity and the level of成果转化 and dissemination. Coordinate the development of national strategic capabilities in agricultural science and technology, accelerate the establishment of an agricultural innovation system characterized by tiered structure, division of labor and collaboration, and appropriate competition, and strengthen organized efforts to tackle key scientific and technological challenges. Fully leverage the roles of national laboratories and national laboratories in the agricultural sector, and optimize the positioning and spatial distribution of agricultural research institutions and universities. Reinforce the primary role of enterprises as the main actors in technological innovation, support them in undertaking more national R&D tasks urgently needed by the industry, and foster and expand leading agricultural technology enterprises. Cultivate strategic agricultural scientists, top-tier scientific and technological talents, and innovative teams, and strengthen the ranks of young agricultural science and technology professionals. Promote the integrated transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements, improve the grassroots agricultural extension system, and facilitate the alignment between farmers’ production needs and technical services. Intensify the development of national demonstration zones for high‑tech agricultural industries, and explore mechanisms for technological innovation, achievement transformation, and enterprise incubation.

(12) Accelerate the revitalization of the seed industry. Deeply implement the Seed Industry Revitalization Initiative, strengthen the identification of germplasm resources, gene discovery, and genetic improvement, and improve the commercial breeding system. Cultivate a tiered group of leading national seed enterprises and expedite the development of breakthrough varieties. Steadily reform the approval system for new aquatic species. Advance the construction of national seed‑production and breeding bases. Strictly protect intellectual property rights in the seed sector and rigorously crack down on illegal activities such as counterfeiting, substandard products, and unauthorized use of protected trademarks. Promote the industrial application of bio‑breeding technologies.

(13) Develop and deploy advanced, practical agricultural machinery and equipment. Promote the research, development, and application of intelligent machinery suitable for hilly and mountainous regions. Cultivate, by category, leading enterprises in the agricultural machinery sector, specialized manufacturers excelling in single-product lines, and small and medium-sized enterprises characterized by specialization, refinement, uniqueness, and innovation; support these firms in upgrading production-line technologies and accelerating digital transformation, and strengthen advanced manufacturing clusters and industry‑specific SME clusters in the agricultural machinery field. Systematically advance R&D on new‑energy agricultural machinery, foster industrial collaboration, and build supporting infrastructure. Orderly promote the development of the low‑altitude economy in agriculture and rural areas. Enhance independent R&D of modern facility‑agriculture equipment, and progressively carry out the renovation and upgrading of aging facilities according to their specific categories. Implement a subsidy policy for the purchase and use of agricultural machinery that prioritizes high‑quality, efficient equipment and ensures both inflows and outflows, while retiring and replacing outdated machinery.

(14) Promote the application of artificial intelligence and the development of smart agriculture. Accelerate innovation in agricultural AI technologies, expand application scenarios, and foster a robust industrial ecosystem. Coordinate the deployment of data infrastructure for agriculture and rural areas, build large-scale, multimodal, high-quality datasets, refine data standards and specifications, and advance digital and intelligent government services and the data industry in the agricultural and rural sectors. Expedite the research and development of software and hardware products with independent intellectual property rights, and enhance computing capabilities. Strengthen the integrated sky–ground–field agricultural observation network. Unlock the full potential of digital productivity in agriculture and rural areas, and guide all stakeholders to accelerate the digital and intelligent transformation of agriculture.

V. Expanding Channels for Farmers to Increase Income and Become Prosperous

(15) Foster and strengthen distinctive rural industries. Implement an initiative to upgrade rural specialty industries, developing specialized farming and livestock raising, specialty foods, and traditional handicrafts. Cultivate new rural industries and business models, promote deep integration between agriculture and sectors such as culture, tourism, education, health and wellness, and sports, create high-quality attractions and tour routes for leisure agriculture and rural tourism, and nurture “small but exquisite” rural cultural‑tourism offerings. Launch a project to achieve high‑quality development of rural e‑commerce, accelerate its iterative upgrading, standardize the growth of livestreamed agricultural product sales, and advance the “Digital Commerce Boosts Agriculture” initiative.

(16) Promote the transformation and upgrading of the agricultural processing industry. Improve the research and development system for agricultural processing technologies, strengthen the construction of on-site processing facilities, vigorously advance the deep processing and comprehensive utilization of agricultural products, foster and expand leading enterprises in agricultural processing, and maximize value-added across the entire value chain—“grain at the head, food at the tail,” “livestock at the head, meat at the tail,” and “agriculture at the head, industry at the tail.” Tailor measures to local conditions to enhance cold-chain logistics infrastructure at production sites, and guide eligible regions to upgrade county‑wide refrigeration and fresh‑keeping facilities, elevating their standards, intelligence, and sustainability.

(17) Make every effort to promote employment, entrepreneurship, and income growth. Improve policies supporting rural migrant workers’ employment and the public employment service system; encourage vocational schools and training institutions to provide skills training for rural laborers seeking employment in urban areas; vigorously develop human resource services in rural areas; and fully unlock the employment potential in social service sectors such as elderly care, domestic services, childcare, and logistics. Launch an initiative to enhance rural entrepreneurship services, facilitate connections between entrepreneurial projects and financial institutions and research organizations, and incentivize talent to return to rural areas to provide services and pursue entrepreneurship and employment, while fostering “agri‑entrepreneurs” tailored to local conditions. Refine mechanisms for linking and supporting farmers, implement plans to increase incomes for both urban and rural residents, effectively raise the incomes of low-income groups, and narrow income disparities across urban–rural areas, regions, and population groups.

(18) Adopt a multi‑pronged approach to expand rural consumption. Promote the expansion and upgrading of rural commodity consumption by supporting the rollout of new‑energy vehicles, smart home appliances, and green building materials to rural areas, and by improving the recycling system for used household appliances and furniture. Enhance the rural commerce and logistics network, encourage collaboration between producers and operators with e‑commerce platforms, supermarkets, catering businesses, and supply‑and‑marketing markets, and facilitate seamless integration across production, supply, and sales. Implement initiatives to improve the quality and efficiency of county‑level commerce, and advance the renovation and upgrading of “thousand markets and ten thousand stores.” Expand rural service consumption, cultivate new consumption formats and scenarios such as harvest festivals, sporting events, performances, and leisure camping, and broaden spending on health, elderly care, and childcare services.

(19) Promote the integrated development of county‑level economies and urban–rural areas. Develop industries that boost rural incomes, tailor initiatives to local conditions to foster strong agricultural counties, industrially robust counties, and renowned tourist destinations, and advance the coordinated pursuit of industrial prosperity, county strengthening, and rural enrichment. Facilitate two‑way flows of urban and rural factors, and establish a unified market for construction land across urban and rural areas. Strengthen the coordinated planning and provision of county‑level infrastructure and basic public services, promote integrated planning, construction, management, and maintenance of county‑level infrastructure, and put in place long‑term mechanisms to ensure adequate funding for basic public services. Scientifically and orderly advance the urbanization of rural migrants, implementing a system that grants basic public services based on household registration at their place of habitual residence. In accordance with the law, safeguard the land contract rights, residential land use rights, and rights to share in collective income of farmers who have settled in cities, and explore mechanisms for voluntary, compensated withdrawal. Steadily increase the proportion of rural migrant workers participating in urban employee social insurance, and encourage more cities to include eligible non‑registered permanent residents within the scope of public rental housing assistance.

VI. Accelerating the Green Transformation of Agricultural Development

(20) Strengthen resource conservation and ecological protection in agriculture. Uphold integrated protection and systematic governance of mountains, rivers, forests, farmland, lakes, grasslands, and deserts, and effectively implement the ten-year fishing ban in the Yangtze River and the seasonal marine fishing moratorium. Enhance water efficiency in agriculture, improve the institutional and policy framework, deepen comprehensive reforms of agricultural water pricing, and advance intensive water‑saving and water‑control measures in the Yellow River Basin. Based on local conditions, carry out fallow‑rotation practices in areas such as groundwater over-extraction zones. Strengthen the protection of precious and endangered aquatic wildlife, and establish a robust monitoring‑early warning, emergency response, and integrated prevention‑and‑control system for invasive alien species. Launch a new round of agricultural resource surveys and zoning, and promote the joint development and sharing of agricultural resource data.

(21) Promote green agricultural production practices. Advance the efficient use of chemical fertilizers, popularize new low‑toxicity, low‑residue pesticides, and implement integrated green pest and disease management for crops. Regularly reduce the use of veterinary antimicrobial agents and address the overuse of pharmaceuticals in aquaculture. Develop eco‑circular agriculture, promote the comprehensive utilization of crop residues, facilitate the on‑site return of manure to fields, and ensure the scientific application and recycling of plastic mulch films. Conduct source‑tracing and remediation of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils, steadily advance the safe utilization of contaminated farmland, and accelerate the adoption of suitable varieties and technologies, such as rice cultivars with low cadmium accumulation. Implement initiatives to reduce emissions and enhance carbon sequestration in agriculture and rural areas.

(22) Promote the conversion of agricultural ecological value. Explore the registration and confirmation of rights to agricultural ecological assets, conduct valuation of agriculture‑related ecological products, implement carbon‑footprint management for agricultural products, and advance carbon trading in the agricultural sector. Intensify efforts to green‑transform industries and industrialize ecological practices, develop green, low‑carbon supply chains, and enhance efficiency by reducing losses and lowering costs in processing and distribution. Strengthen monitoring of progress in green agricultural development.

VII. Promoting the Development of Livable, Workable, and Beautiful Rural Areas

(23) Coordinate and optimize the spatial layout of towns and villages. In response to changes in rural population demographics and the evolving, diversifying patterns of village settlement, enhance the quality and effectiveness of rural planning; refine village classification based on local conditions; rationally prioritize development priorities; and strengthen rural spatial design and aesthetic‑landscape management. Support eligible areas in grouping geographically adjacent villages with complementary functions and interconnected industries into functional clusters, using these clusters as units to advance joint planning, shared infrastructure development, pooled services, and a collectively enhanced environment. Tailor approaches to local circumstances and steadily, orderly adjust township sizes and spatial configurations. Coordinate county‑level land‑space governance and systematically carry out comprehensive land‑use remediation across entire administrative areas.

(24) Strengthen the construction and maintenance of rural infrastructure. Implement a project to address shortcomings in modern rural living conditions, creating more livable rural spaces. Launch a new round of initiatives to upgrade rural roads, promoting high-quality development in their construction, management, maintenance, and operation. Advance, on a case-by-case basis, the integration of urban and rural water supply systems, the scaling up of centralized water supply, and the standardized construction of small-scale water‑supply projects, while steadily moving toward county‑level unified management of rural water supply. Build a diversified and complementary modern rural energy system, consolidate and upgrade rural power grids, and expand the coverage of rural charging facilities. Support the joint construction and shared use of rural postal and logistics facilities, and promote the integrated development of passenger, freight, and postal services. Promote the construction of modern, livable rural housing, build new and renovate existing rural emergency shelters, and make effective use of idle rural infrastructure. Implement an action plan for the high‑quality development of digital villages, raising the level of digitalization, networking, and intelligentization in rural areas. Tailor mechanisms for rural development to local conditions, enforce the rural construction task list and project‑pool management system, and establish sound long‑term mechanisms for the maintenance and management of rural infrastructure. Strengthen infrastructure development in forested areas, reclaimed land areas, and pastoral regions.

(25) Continue to improve and upgrade the rural living environment. Implement a new five-year action plan for enhancing rural living conditions, addressing issues such as rural toilet upgrades and village‑wide waste accumulation with a persistent, meticulous approach. Promote effective treatment of domestic wastewater and work to eliminate black, malodorous water bodies in rural areas. Deeply advance the Patriotic Health Campaign in rural regions. Advance greening, beautification, and lighting of villages, emphasizing local characteristics and rustic charm through small‑scale village renovations, and accelerate the development of ecologically clean micro‑watersheds.

(26) Enhance the provision of basic public services in rural areas. Accelerate balanced development of compulsory education and urban–rural integration, optimize the spatial distribution of schools in both urban and rural areas, improve conditions at county-level ordinary high schools and boarding schools, and ensure the continued operation of necessary small-scale rural schools and kindergartens, while also strengthening special education in rural areas. Strengthen unified allocation of teaching staff at the county level, and vigorously implement the “Excellent Teachers Program,” the “Silver-Age Lecture Program,” and the “Special Post Program.” Launch the Healthcare Foundation‑Building Project, upgrade and enhance township health centers, optimize the layout of rural medical and health institutions, bolster operational support for primary-level healthcare facilities, and strive to achieve full coverage of closely integrated county-level medical consortia. Improve the long-term mechanism for participation in basic medical insurance, appropriately raise fiscal subsidies for urban and rural residents’ basic medical insurance, and steadily increase the proportion of medical insurance funds allocated to county-, township-, and village-level healthcare institutions. Expand, upgrade, and make more efficient elderly care services, with a strong emphasis on developing mutual‑aid elderly care models based on home‑based care. Gradually raise basic pensions for urban and rural residents, and encourage those in flexible employment to participate in urban employee basic pension insurance. Strengthen outreach and care for rural elderly living alone, left-behind children, children in difficult circumstances, persons with disabilities, and individuals with mental disorders, promptly addressing their practical needs and challenges.

(27) Strengthen the rural governance system and capacity. Enhance the development of the grassroots organizational system in rural areas, bolster the political and organizational functions of Party organizations, and give full play to the leadership role of grassroots Party organizations. Intensify education and training for rural Party members, tighten management and oversight of grassroots cadres, and ensure adequate basic remuneration for village-level cadres. Promote the integration of self-governance, rule of law, and moral governance; innovate village-level deliberation and consultation mechanisms; tailor legal advisory services to local conditions; strengthen family education and foster sound family traditions; and develop innovative, pragmatic, and effective approaches to rural governance. Uphold and advance the “Fengqiao Experience” of the new era, and work to resolve conflicts and disputes at the grassroots level. Regularly carry out campaigns to eliminate organized crime and evil forces in rural areas. Leverage the guiding role of village covenants and norms, promote changes in customs and practices, and continue addressing issues such as exorbitant bride prices. Improve the systems and mechanisms for the standardized management of clan organizations and ancestral halls. Strengthen ideological and political work in rural areas, promote and practice the core socialist values, and solidify the sense of community among all Chinese ethnic groups. Enrich the supply of cultural products and services in rural areas, organize mass cultural and sports activities suited to local conditions, and successfully host the Chinese Farmers’ Harvest Festival.

VIII. Enhancing the Effectiveness of Policies to Strengthen Agriculture, Benefit Farmers, and Enrich Rural Areas

(28) Improve the investment mechanism for agriculture and rural development. Establish a diversified investment framework featuring fiscal priority, financial support, and active social participation, ensuring that investment in rural revitalization continues to grow. Prioritize agriculture and rural areas in the general public budget, make effective use of central government budgetary allocations and local government bonds, strengthen end-to-end oversight of rural revitalization funds, rigorously investigate and address issues such as falsification, misappropriation, and embezzlement, and enhance the effectiveness of fiscal policies and the efficiency of fund utilization. Enhance the rural financial services system, increase the issuance of medium- and long-term loans for agriculture and rural development, develop digital inclusive finance in rural areas, and advance the construction of a rural credit system. Leverage the risk‑mitigation role of agricultural insurance, support the development of insurance products tailored to local specialty agricultural products, and improve claims‑settlement efficiency. Guide private investment to flow into rural revitalization in a lawful, standardized, and orderly manner; diversify capital market instruments for serving agricultural entities; encourage the establishment of rural revitalization funds through market‑based mechanisms; and support eligible enterprises in raising capital through bond issuance for rural revitalization projects.

(29) Steadily and prudently advance rural land system reform. Consolidate and improve the basic rural operating system, maintain the stability of rural land contract relationships, and steadily carry out pilot programs to extend rural land contracts for another thirty years upon their expiration. Develop moderately scaled agricultural operations, and refine mechanisms for determining transfer prices of contracted land-use rights as well as related management and service systems. Strengthen standardized management of rural residential land. Promote the economical and intensive use of collectively owned construction land for business purposes, and advance market‑entry reforms in an orderly manner. In accordance with the law, revitalize and make effective use of idle land and buildings, and provide categorized guarantees for land needed for rural development. Deepen reforms concerning collective forest rights, state‑owned agricultural reclamation areas, supply and marketing cooperatives, and other sectors.

(30) Improve the modern agricultural management and service system. Enhance the quality of development of new agricultural business entities such as family farms and farmer cooperatives, and refine a convenient, comprehensive agricultural socialized service system. Leverage the role of modern integrated agricultural services to bring advanced, suitable varieties, technologies, and equipment to smallholder farmers; establish mechanisms that link support policies for new agricultural business entities with measures to boost farmers’ incomes; implement initiatives to help these entities improve quality and efficiency while increasing the incomes of smallholders; and promote the seamless integration of smallholder farming with modern agricultural development. Deepen reforms of the rural collective property rights system, develop a new type of rural collective economy, strictly manage risks associated with collective operations in rural areas, advance the standardized development of rural property‑rights trading markets, and ensure that rural women enjoy equal access to all rights and benefits within rural collective economic organizations.

(31) Strengthen and expand the rural talent pool. Implement the “Shennong Talents” Program, deepen educational and teaching reforms in agriculture-related universities, accelerate the development of new agricultural disciplines guided by market demand, and promote targeted training for professionals in agriculture‑related fields. Launch a new round of the “Three Supports and One Assistance” program for college graduates, advance the Rural Women Dream‑Chasers Initiative, the College Student Volunteer Service to the Western Region Program, and the Youth Action for Rural Revitalization. Speed up the cultivation of high‑quality farmers and bolster the development of agricultural radio and television schools. Implement the “Leading Goose” Project to train leaders in rural industrial revitalization, and strengthen the training and selection of highly skilled personnel in agriculture and rural areas. Enhance the capabilities and competencies of rural governance professionals.

IX. Safeguard Measures

(32) Improve the Party’s leadership system and mechanisms for rural work. Implement a leadership framework in which the central government provides overall coordination, provincial authorities assume primary responsibility, and city, county, and township levels ensure effective implementation; uphold the principle of having secretaries at all five levels take charge of rural revitalization, and strengthen the accountability system for rural revitalization. Select and appoint capable leaders to township-level cadres, optimize village “two committees” teams—especially their leading members—and continue to rectify weak and poorly organized village Party organizations. Further refine the system of regularly dispatching first secretaries and work teams to villages, and cultivate and build a pool of reserve talent.

(33) Improve and institutionalize long-term mechanisms for advancing rural revitalization. Deeply study and apply the experience of the “Ten‑Million Project,” promoting rural revitalization in a categorized, orderly, and regionally coordinated manner. Tailor policy frameworks, institutional systems, and working mechanisms to local conditions, and leverage the role of national demonstration counties for rural revitalization. Solidly advance comprehensive rural reforms. Establish enduring mechanisms for mobilizing social forces to support rural revitalization, and implement assistance and cooperation programs led by social organizations. Enhance the legal and regulatory framework for agriculture and rural development, and encourage localities to strengthen specialized legislation suited to their specific circumstances. Strengthen the standardization of agricultural administrative law enforcement, upgrade enforcement equipment, and build a professional, modern, and highly qualified integrated administrative law enforcement team. Reinforce legal oversight and intensify public education on laws related to agriculture and rural areas.

(34) Strengthen performance assessment and monitoring and evaluation. Enhance the performance assessment of provincial Party committees and governments in advancing the rural revitalization strategy, refine assessment methods, and improve the relevance and scientific rigor of such assessments. Conduct monitoring of progress and levels in agricultural and rural modernization, reinforce comprehensive management throughout the entire process—covering annual monitoring and analysis, mid-term evaluations, and final summary assessments—and develop annual task lists and work ledgers to track and ensure the implementation of planned tasks. For major issues, promptly seek instructions from and report to the CPC Central Committee and the State Council in accordance with established procedures.